دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

a condition where the liquid is over saturated with incompatible ions or one ion concentration is above the saturation point. Usually a result of cooling a undersaturated fluid below the saturation point without a sufficient upset to start the precipitati

n: a tanker with a capacity over 100,000 deadweight tons (90,720 dead weight tonnes). Supertankers with a capacity larger than 100,000 deadweight tons but less than 500,000 deadweight tons (45,360 deadweight tonnes) are called very large crude carriers. Those with a capacity over 500,000 deadweight tons are called ultralarge crude carriers.

n: the tendency of liquids to maintain as small a surface as possible. It is caused by the cohesive attraction between the molecules of liquid.

n: Surface free energy that exists between a liquid and air. Surface tension can be observed as a curved meniscus in a small tube of the liquid. This energy barrier prevents a liquid (such as water) from spontaneously mixing with air to form a foam. To make

a measurement of the difficulty of moving a fluid past another fluid (see interfacial tension). The resistance is created by the cohesion forces between the liquid molecules. The forces make it more difficult to pass fluids past a surface. Surface tension

n: a soluble compound that concentrates on the surface boundary between two substances such as oil and water and reduces the surface tension between the substances. The use of surfactants permits the thorough surface contact or mixing of substances that ordinarily remain separate. Surfactants are used in the petroleum industry as additives to drilling mud and to water during chemical flooding. See micellar- polymer flooding, surfactant mud.

n: A chemical that acts as a surface active agent. This term encompasses a multitude of materials that function as emulsifiers, dispersants, oil-wetters, water-wetters, foamers and defoamers. The type of surfactant behavior, whether acting as an emulsifier o

a chemical that is attracted to the surface of a fluid and modifies the properties such as surface tension.

n: the flux of fluids and solids that occurs in the initial stages of any filtration before pore openings are bridged and a filter cake is formed. Also called spurt loss.

n: 1. in a flowing stream of water, the finer sand, silt, and clay that are carried well off the bottom by the turbulence of the water. Compare bed load, dissolved load. 2. the weight of the drill stem when suspended from the hook.

n: an additive used to hold the fine clay and silt particles that sometimes remain after an acidizing treatment in suspension;i.e., it keeps them from settling out of the spent acid until it is circulated out.

abbr: salt water;used in drilling reports.

sea water.

n: a phenomenon characterized by formation fluids being pulled or swabbed into the wellbore when the drill stem and bit are pulled up the well bore fast enough to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the mud below the bit. If enough formation fluid is swabbed into the hole, a kick can result.

salt water disposal