دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

n: It is made by adding suitable powder of lime or carbonate to the cement.

the percent by weight loss of exposing a sample of material to an excess of acid.

a solid stick of chloro-acetic or sulfamic acid for small scale removal of acid soluble deposits.

n: 1. in general, a substance added in small amounts to a larger amount of another substance to change some characteristic of the latter. In the oil industry, additives are used in lubricating oil, fuel, drilling mud, and cement. 2. in cementing, a substance added to cement to change its characteristics to satisfy specific conditions in die well. A cement additive may work as an accelerator, retarder, dispersant, or other reactant.

n: The agent put into the drilling fluid in order to change some performances of the drilling fluid or slurry.

a compound incorporated into a gas, liquid, or solid system to alter the properties for a particular purpose.

n: a hard brown or black material composed principally of hydrocarbons. It is insoluble in water but soluble in gasoline and can be obtained by heating some petroleum, coal tar, or lignite tar. It is used for paving and roofing and in paints.

water soluble polymers produced by bacterial action on carbohydrates.

n: I. the process of breaking down organic wastes with microbes. Bacteria that are naturally present in the environment use microbial enzymes to break down die materials into a soluble form that passes through the cell walls of the bacteria. The bacteria metabolise d1e material and convert it into components d1at are more readily assimilated in d1e environment, such as water or carbon dioxide (i.e., a gardeners compost pile). 2. the creation of engineered and managed conditions to boost natural bioremediation processes. Nutrients are added to stimulate the bacteria naturally present in the waste. Oxygen ari1 pH levels are adjusted for maximum effectiveness, and, if conditions are right, the bacteria grow in large numbers and break down the hydrocarbons much more rapidly than with natural bioremediation. In cases in which the necessary bacteria are not already present in the waste, suppliers can provide diem along with die appropriate nutrients.

n: water that contains relatively low concentrations of soluble salts. Brackish water is saltier than fresh water but not as salty as salt water.

n: The water which contains lesser salt, including hard water whose pH is from 7 to 9. Usually the content of chloride is less than 18970g/L. It comes from coastal waters, bay, variole or inland lake. This kind of water contain more Ca2+ and Mg2+. We should

indefinite term meaning water with small amounts of salt. Saltier than fresh water.

n: water that has a large quantity of salt, especially sodium chloride, dissolved in it;salt water.

n: Dissolving a great quantity of salt, especailly sodium chloride. Usually used to make up salt water drilling fluid.

a mixture of water and a soluble salt. Most common brines are sodium chloride NaCl, potassium chloride KCl and calcium chloride CaCl2. Brine densities may range from 8.33 to > 19 lb/gal (1 to >2.28 g/cc). The USGS definition of a brine is a salinity of mo