دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

bacteria generated natural gas, found at shallow depths and in many water wells. Usually contains C14 isotope. See also thermogenic gas as a gas that has a biological origin but has been modified from the original organic state by time at temperature and

rocks such as coal resulting from decomposition of animal or plant deposition.

a theory of petroleum formation in which the petroleum is thought to have originated from plant and animal material that has undergone transformation from deep burial.

n: a reef or mound built by small organisms and their remains, such as coral, plankton, and oysters. Originally a waveresistant coral structure served as an anchor for calcareous debris that formed limestone. It was tectonically submerged, or the sea level rose faster than the corals could build it, and it was eventually buried beneath marine shales. A bioherm is often porous enough to hold large accumulations of hydrocarbons, especially if it has been dolomitized. A bioherm is a stratigraphic trap.

compounds found in petroleum or rock extracts that possess a carbon chain or skeleton that contains a link with a natural product. Common biomarkers in petroleum include isoprenoids, triterpanes and steranes.

n: the total mass of living organisms per unit volume per unit of time.

any organic material.

the simultaneous flow of two immiscible fluids.

water soluble polymers produced by bacterial action on carbohydrates.

n: I. the process of breaking down organic wastes with microbes. Bacteria that are naturally present in the environment use microbial enzymes to break down die materials into a soluble form that passes through the cell walls of the bacteria. The bacteria metabolise d1e material and convert it into components d1at are more readily assimilated in d1e environment, such as water or carbon dioxide (i.e., a gardeners compost pile). 2. the creation of engineered and managed conditions to boost natural bioremediation processes. Nutrients are added to stimulate the bacteria naturally present in the waste. Oxygen ari1 pH levels are adjusted for maximum effectiveness, and, if conditions are right, the bacteria grow in large numbers and break down the hydrocarbons much more rapidly than with natural bioremediation. In cases in which the necessary bacteria are not already present in the waste, suppliers can provide diem along with die appropriate nutrients.

n: the thin zone of air, water, and soil where all terrestrial life exists. biota n pi: the animals, plants, fungi, etc., of a region or period.