دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

a reference to the amount of time that a given volume of fluid spends in a location. Related to fluid holdup and separation. Used in both surface separators and mud removal times.

n: the naturalform that a section of coiled tubing string will take if spooled from the reel and to rest without any residual bend results from the plastic deformation imparted as the string is spooled around the radius of the reel and guide arch.

a permanent deformation in metal caused by taking the stress loading past the maximum elastic point.

n: the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations that conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975.

n: the portion of hydrocarbons that cannot be removed by ordinary producing mechanisms when a porous reservoir has been saturated with hydrocarbons. This value is usually a specific percentage of the pore volume. In the case of gas, the volume, measured at standard conditions, that is retained in a reservoir as residual gas saturation is an inverse function of the pressure, due to the effect of the gas laws.

short wavelength component of field density variations within high density basement and/or low density overburden. Anomalies in the residual field are usually of interest in general exploration.

n: 1. in improved recovery, oil remaining in a reservoir after an improved recovery method has been applied and displacement has occurred. 2. in petroleum refining, the combustible, viscous, or semiliquid bottoms product from crude oil distillation, used as adhesives, roofing compounds, asphalt, low-grade fuels, and sealants.

connate water that will not be displaced. See also Irreducible Water.

n pl: the heavy refined hydrocarbons that are used as fuels. Bunker C oil, which is sometimes used to fuel ships, is an example of a residual.