دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

n: The process that superpolymer is destroied by the microbe and macromolecule fractures to micromolecule.

breaking down alkanes by bacterial action. Common by psedomonis and ultramonis bacteria and other bacterial strains that digest parts of the crude oil structures. Useful for remediating oil spills or tank bottom residuals.

n: I. the process of breaking down organic wastes with microbes. Bacteria that are naturally present in the environment use microbial enzymes to break down die materials into a soluble form that passes through the cell walls of the bacteria. The bacteria metabolise d1e material and convert it into components d1at are more readily assimilated in d1e environment, such as water or carbon dioxide (i.e., a gardeners compost pile). 2. the creation of engineered and managed conditions to boost natural bioremediation processes. Nutrients are added to stimulate the bacteria naturally present in the waste. Oxygen ari1 pH levels are adjusted for maximum effectiveness, and, if conditions are right, the bacteria grow in large numbers and break down the hydrocarbons much more rapidly than with natural bioremediation. In cases in which the necessary bacteria are not already present in the waste, suppliers can provide diem along with die appropriate nutrients.

v: unscrewing the drill stem into single joints and placing them 00 the pipe rack. The operation takes place 00 completion of the well, or in changing from one size of pipe to another. See lay down pipe.

n: Put the singles which are unloaded from drill pipe stand on the pipe carrier.

to separate the stands into single joints.

n: 1. the breaking down of low temperatures and pressures.2. a motor gasoline refining process in which heavy hydrocarbon components are broken down into light hydrocarbon components using catalysts and relatively low temperatures and pressures. It produces a gasoline that has a higher octane rating and a lower sulphur content than that produced by thermal cracking.

n: the process of breaking down large chemical compounds into smaller compounds under the influence of heat or catalysts. In petroleum refining, the two major types of cracking are thermal cracking and

n: a system, chemical, device, or process used for breaking down an emulsion and producing two or more easily separated compounds (such as water and oil). Emulsion breakers may be (1) devices to heat the emulsion, thus achieving separation by lowering the viscosity of the emulsion and allowing the water to settle out;(2) chemical compounds, which destroy or weaken the film around each globule of water, thus uniting all the drops;(3) mechani- cal devices, such as settling tanks and wash tanks;or (4) electrostatic treaters, which use an electric field to cause coalescence of the water globules.

n: the process of breaking down emulsions to separate oil from water or other contaminants. Treating plants may use a single process or a combination of processes to effect demulsification, de- pending on what emulsion is being treated.

n: the process of separating, or breaking down, an emulsion into oil and water in a vessel or tank on a continuous basis (i.e., without an interruption in the flow of emulsion into the tank or vessel). Compare batch treating.

n: the breaking down of a mineral by chemical reaction with water.