دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

a theory of petroleum generation in which petroleum is thought to have formed from hydrocarbons trapped inside the earth’s crust when the earth was forming. See also Biogenic and Organic theories.

n: a natural cavity in the earths crust that is large enough to permit human entry. Commonly formed in limestone by groundwater leaching. Compare vug.

n: the outer layer of the earth, varying in thickness from 50 to 30 miles (10 to 50 kilometres). It is composed chiefly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.

the outermost crust of the earth.

n: the process or processes of deformation of the earths crust that produce oceans, continents, mountains, folds, and faults.

n: a break in the earths crust along which rocks on one side have been displaced (upward, downward, or laterally) relative to those on the other side.

n: Geological term denoting a formation break, upward or downward, in the subsurface strata. Faults can significantly affect the drilling fluid and casing programs due to possibilities for lost circulation, sloughing hole, or kicks.

where rock splits or ruptures with associated movement occurs on either side.

n: a group of silicate minerals that includes a wide variety of potassium, sodium, and aluminium silicates. Feldspar makes up about 60 percent of the outer 9.3 miles (15 kilometres) of the earths crust.

a silicate mineral, often modified and sometimes part of the movable particles in a formation.

n: a flexure of rock strata (e.g., an arch or a trough) produced by horizontal compression of the earths crust. See anticline, syncline.

a bend-like disruption in a rock strata such that the angle of the formation is significantly changed.

n: a scientist who gathers and interprets data pertaining to the rocks of the earths crust.

n: die science of the physical history of the earth and its life, especially as recorded in the rocks of the crust.

the science that deals with the study of the planet earth.