دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

n: a system, chemical, device, or process used for breaking down an emulsion and producing two or more easily separated compounds (such as water and oil). Emulsion breakers may be (1) devices to heat the emulsion, thus achieving separation by lowering the viscosity of the emulsion and allowing the water to settle out;(2) chemical compounds, which destroy or weaken the film around each globule of water, thus uniting all the drops;(3) mechani- cal devices, such as settling tanks and wash tanks;or (4) electrostatic treaters, which use an electric field to cause coalescence of the water globules.

n: a settling tank used to separate oil and water in the field. After emulsified oil is heated and treated with chemicals, it is pumped into the gun barrel, where the water settles out and is drawn off, and the clean oil flows out to storage. Gun barrels have largely been replaced by unified heater-treater equipment, rot are still found, especially in older or marginal fields. Also called a wash tank.

a vertical separator vessel.

n: a method of pumping oil from wells by using a downhole pump without sucker rods. Subsurface hydraulic pumps consist of two reciprocating pumps coupled and placed in the well. One pump functions as an engine and drives the other pump (the production pump). The downhole engine is usually operated by clean crude oil under pressure (power oil) that is drawn from a power-oil settling tank by a triplex plunger pump on the surface. If a single string of tubing is used, power oil is pumped down the tubing string to the pump, which is seated in the string, and a mixture of power oil and produced fluid is returned through the casing-tubing annulus. If two parallel strings are used, one supplies power oil to the pump while the other returns the exhaust and produced oil to the surface. A hydraulic pump may be used to pump several wells from a central source and has been used to lift oil from depths of more than 10,000 feet (3,048 metres).

n: 1. the steel mud tank in which solid material in mud is allowed to settle out by gravity. It is used only in special situations today, for solids control equipment has superseded such a tank in most cases. Sometimes called a settling pit. 2. a cylindrical vessel on a lease into which produced emulsion is piped and in which water in the emulsion is allowed to settle out of the oil.

n: A drilling mud filled open steel or earthen berm tank that is not stirred or circulated. By having mud slowly pass through such a container, most large drilling solids sink to the bottom, cleaning the mud somewhat. If the settling pit is small, as in the

a surface vessel where solids are allowed to settle out of a produced or circulated fluid stream.

n: a pipe, or set of pipes, within an emulsion settling tank through which steam is passed to warm the emulsion and make the oil less viscous. See fire tube.